Gene Candidates

 

 

 

 

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Adrenergic, alpha-2A- receptor (ADRA2A)

Variant Association Phenotype Notes Author
rs3750625 Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide Ethnicity: Japanese

Fukutake, 2008

 

C1291G Allelic:+,C, OR=1.96 CI95% 1.15-3.32, in females
Genotypic:+,CG, p=.043, in females
Cases: suicide completers: M: 124 (mean age:49.2±16.9) and F: 60 (mean age: 45.7±19.0)
Controls: M: 134 (mean age: 41.9 ±16.1) & F:87 (mean age: 45.1±16.4)
  Haplotypic:+, CC, p=.032, in females Notes: N251K and insertion/deletion polymorphism not found in the sample; associations remained positive in female violent suicide attempts.
G1800T Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide Ethnicity: French Canadian

Sequeira, 2004

 

C1291G Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Cases:male suicide completers: n:110, mean age:32.20±9.38
G261A Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Male controls: n:130, mean age:34.00±10.56
N251K Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Notes: N251K allele seen exclusively in suicides (n=3); Genotypes did not differ in impulsivity, aggressivity, or TCI temperament dimensions
C1291G Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide attempts Ethnicity: Japanese Ohara, 1998
Cases: mood-disordered patients (F:55, M:48; including 11 suicide attempters)
Volunteer controls: F:62, M:52; mean age: 37.7±15.9
Notes: no association with mood disorders; Bonferroni-adjusted analyses

Notes: += positive,significant; -, =negative,significant; ns= nonsignificant; F=females; M=males;

Solute carrier family 6 (noradrenaline transporter) member 2 (SLC6A2)
 

Variant Association Phenotype Notes Author
G1287A Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicidal ideas Ethnicity: Caucasian

 

Owen, 1999

Cases: mood-disordered patients: F:64, M:41; mean age:39.5±8.94
Race-matched controls without medical or psychtric illness: M:33, F:41; mean age:34.8±10.7
Notes: no asociation with major depression

Notes: += positive,significant; - =negative,significant; ns= nonsignificant; F=females; M=males

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)
 
Variant Association Phenotype Sample Information Author


rs3842727 rs6356

Allelic: ns
Genotypic:ns Haplotypic:ns

Suicide & suicide attempts

Ethnicity: German

Giegling, 2007

Cases: 167 suicide attempters (M:58, F:109; mean age, 39.89 ± 13.89; 60 patients classified as violent and 101 as impulsive)

Cases: 92 Caucasian suicide completers (M:53, F:39; mean age 51.8 ± 18.5)

Controls: unrelated German volunteers without personal or family histories of neuropsychiatric disorders (F:174, M:138; mean age, 45.01 ± 14.92)

Notes: excluded stratification using genomic control; no association with personality traits; stratified for violence, impulsiveness, completion versus attempt

Intron 1 tetranucleotide repeat

 

Allelic: ns Suicidal behaviour severity Cases: 336 (F:62%) bipolar patients from 305 nuclear families (mean age: 35.36± 10.37 SD), including 267 patients with histories of suicide ideas or attempts De Luca, 2007

Notes: suicidality assessed quantitatively and coded as follows: 0 = absence of suicide/death thoughts, 1 = thoughts of death, 2 = suicide ideation, 3 = suicide plan, 4 = suicide attempt; marginal association between TH and severe suicidal behavior


Val81Met

Val468Met

Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns

Suicide

Ethnicity: Japanese

Hattori, 2006
Cases: 189 suicide victims (F: 62, mean age ± SD, 47.9±17.6)
Controls: 187 unrelated volunteers (F:61; mean age ± SD, 44.7 ± 14.9)

PstI

Genotypic: ns Suicide attempts Ethnicity: English, Caucasian Ho, 2000
Cases: bipolar (M:58, F:73) &  unipolar patients (M:53, F:86)

Tetranucleotide Genotypic: ns Notes: in the unipolar sample, the promoter locus associated with psychotic symptoms; uncorrected for multiple testing

THK 1-5

 

 

Genotypic: +, THK3, p=.0023, patients with adjustment disorders

Suicide attempts

Ethnicity: Caucasian, mostly Swedish

Persson, 1997

Cases: suicide attempters: F:76,M:42; mean age: 41

Nonpsychiatric controls: F:33,M:45; mean age: 39
Notes: Bonferroni corrected

Notes: += positive,significant; - =negative,significant; ns= nonsignificant; F=females; M=males

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
 
Variant Association Phenotype Notes Author

COMT: allele Val158Met

 

TPH1: allele A218C

 

MAOA: allele u-VNTR male

Genotypic; s, COMT Met, p=.003 trait anger ; p=.041 anger out

TPH1 A218C, p=.029 anger control

MAOA u-VNTR, p=.041 state anger

Suicide Attempters Ethnicity: Caucasian, French Perroud, 2010
Cases: 895 suicide attempters (F: 619; 39.6 ± 12.9)
Notes: A significant correlation was found between sexual abuse and the Met allele, distinguishing it as the major epigenetic factor out of all other environmental variables
Val158Met

Allelic: ns

Genotypic: ns

Mood disoders Ethnicity: Caucasian Zalsman, 2008
Healthy volunteers: 119
Mood disorders subject: 486
Notes: CSF metabolites were assayed in a sub-sample of mood disorder patients (N=111)

No association between genotype and mood disorder diagnosis or with reported history of suicide attempt in mood disorder subjects

No association between genotype and lethality, or method of suicide attempt, or with aggressive/impulsive traits.

Val158Met

 

Allelic: ns Suicidal behaviour severity Cases: 336 (F:62%) bipolar patients from 305 nuclear families (mean age: 35.36± 10.37 SD), including 267 patients with histories of suicide ideas or attempts De Luca, 2007

Notes: suicidality assessed quantitatively and coded as follows: 0 = absence of suicide/death thoughts, 1 = thoughts of death, 2 = suicide ideation, 3 = suicide plan, 4 = suicide attempt; marginal association between TH & severe suicidal behaviour

287AG Allelic: ns
Suicide attempts Sample: schizophrenic patients (n:270) including 92 suicide attempters [F:24, mean age: 42.6±9.7] and nonattempters [mean age:40.6±11.2] De Luca, 2006
Val/Met Allelic: ns Notes: investigated one MAOA and three COMT variants; analyses also stratified by sex and violence of the attempt method
3'UTR C Ins/Del Allelic: ns
  Haplotypic: ns
Epistasis with MAOA: ns
Val108/158Met Allelic: ns Suicide attempts Sample: 336 bipolar patients (F:62%) including 86 suicide attempters; mean age: 35.36±10.37 De Luca, 2005
Notes: Analyses based on TDT; suicidality also assessed quantitatively
Epistatic interaction with MAOA: ns
Val108/158Met Allelic:+, L, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.04-2.38, relative to controls

Violent

suicide attempts

Ethnicity: German Rujescu, 2003
Suicide attempters: F:96, M:53; mean age:40±13, including 55 violent attempters
Allelic:+, L, OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.07-2.79, relative to nonviolent attempters Community controls: F:179, M:149; mean age: 46±15
Genotypic: +, LL, OR=2.12, 95% CI 1.18-3.83, relative to controls Notes: LL carriers expressed anger outwardly and HH carriers more inwardly, controlling for age & sex
Genotypic: +, LL, OR=2.35, 95% CI 1.15-4.82, relative to nonviolent attempters
Val158Met Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide attempts Ethnicity: Chinese, Taiwan Liou, 2001
Cases: schizophrenic patients: F:104,M:94; mean age: 37.8±12.1; including 62 suicide attempters
Healthy volunteer controls: F:91,M:97; mean age: 38.6±16.6
Notes: not associated with schizophrenia
Val108/158Met Allelic:+,Met, p=.05, men
Genotypic: +, Met-, p=.017, men

Violent

suicide attempts

Ethnicity: Finnish nonSaami sample: n:94 (F:10, mean age: 41.8, 57 suicide attempters) and USA sample (White, 4 Hispanic): n: 54 (F:21, mean age: 42.9, 27 suicide attempters) Nolan, 2000
Cases: schizophrenic/ schizoaffective attempters and nonattempters
Allelic:+, Met, p=.008, men
Genotypic: +, Met-, p=.028, men
Suicide attempts Notes: association found in the combined samples and in the Finnish subsample
L/H Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide attempts Ethnicity: Japanese Ohara, 1998
Cases: mood-disordered patients [M:60; F:55; 12 suicide attempters; mean age: 48.5±16.3]
135 healthy controls
Notes: positive association of LL genotype with depressive disorders [OR=2.19; 95%CI 1.19-4.03]
Val108/158Met

Allelic: ns
Genotypic: -,Val/Val, OR .52 95% .31-.89, males

Genotypic: +,Val/Met, OR 1.98 95% 1.16-3.37, males

Suicide Cases: suicide completers: M:112, mean age: 48.68±16.9; F:51, mean age:47.12±19.8 Ono, 2004
Controls: M:114, mean age:45.33±15.5; F:55, mean age: 48.9±18.7
Notes: trend toward deviation from HW equilibrium in male completers
Val108/158Met Genotypic: ns Suicide risk Cases: patients at high risk for suicide: F:32,M:19; mean age:38±15; Caucasian (n:41), African-American (n:6), and Hispanic, Indian, and Asian (n:4) Russ, 2000
Race-matched controls: F:28,M:23; mean age: 41±13
Notes: Bonferroni corrected

Notes: += positive,significant; - =negative,significant; ns= nonsignificant; F=females; M=males

Monoamino oxidase A (MAOA)
 
Variant Association Phenotype Sample Information Author

uVNTR

Allelic: ns
Epistasis with COMT: ns

Suicide attempts

Cases: 270 schizophrenic patients: 92 (F:24) suicide attempters (mean age: 42.6±9.7) and 178 nonattempters (mean age: 40.6±11.2)

De Luca, 2006

Notes: Investigated one MAO and three COMT variants; also stratified by sex and violence of suicide attempt

uVNTR

 

Allelic: ns
Genotypic: +,2-3 alleles, OR:2.17 95% CI 1.08-4.35, males

Violent suicide attempts

Ethnicity: West European, Caucasian

 

Courtet, 2005

 

Hospitalized suicide attempters: F:512, M:226; mean age: 38.08 ± 14.12

CAn Allelic: ns
Suicide attempts Non-psychiatric controls without first-degree family history of suicide attempts: F:68, M:154; mean age: 44.25±13.26
Notes: CAn is in LD with uVNTR

 

uVNTR

T941G

Allelic: ns

Haplotypic: ns

Epistatic: ns

Suicide attempts

Sample: 336 bipolar patients (F:62%) including 86 suicide attempters; mean age:35.36±10.37

De Luca, 2005
Notes: analyses based on TDT; no epistasis with COMT  Val108/158 Met

uVNTR

Allelic: ns

Suicide attempts

Ethnicity: white Caucasian, Italian

Gerra, 2004
Cases: heroin–dependent males: n:104, mean age: 33.7±12.3
Controls: age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers: n:95; mean age: 35.7±13.9
Notes: this variant confers increased susceptibility to antisocial violent behavior and aggressiveness

uVNTR

Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns

Suicide attempts

Cases: mood-disordered patients: F:377, M:286; mean age: 37.6 ±12.9; Caucasian: 68.8%, African-Americans 16.6%, Asian, Hispanic and "'other" 14.6%

Huang, 2004
Nonpsychiatric controls with comparable ethnic composition: F:47, M:56; mean age: 38.8 ±15.3
Notes: lower expression allele associated with history of child abuse before 15 years of age and higher impulsivity in males

CAn

Genotypic: ns

Suicide attempts

Ethnicity: English, Caucasian

Ho, 2000
VNTR Genotypic:+, VNTR, +, p=0.029, bipolar patients Cases: Bipolar (M:58, F: 73) and  unipolar patients (M:53, F: 86)
Fnu4HI Genotypic:+, 11, P=0.0162 , female bipolar patients Notes: VNTR’s association with history of suicide  attempts stronger in females; uncorrected for multiple testing

VNTR

Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide attempts

Ethnicity: Japanese

Kunugi, 1999
Patients with bipolar disorder (M:59, F:102; mean age: 47.6±13.7) or unipolar (F:61, M:37; mean age: 54.5±16.4), including 55 suicide attempters
Controls: M:132,F:126; mean age: 31.8.6±12.3
Notes: no association with mood disorders
EcoRV

Allelic: +,high-activity allele, OR:3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.5, males

Suicide

Ethnicity: Caucasian, Hungary

Du, 2002
Depressed suicide completers: F:11, M:33 mean age: 47.9±14.4
Controls who died of non-suicide-related causes: F:28, M:64 mean age: 57.5±13.6
Notes: Bonferroni-corrected
uVNTR Allelic: ns
Genotypic: ns
Suicide

Ethnicity: Japanese

Ono, 2002
Cases: suicides: M: 107, mean age: 48.4 ±16.6; F: 48, mean age: 47.6± 19.9
Healthy volunteers: M: 109; mean age: 45.1± 15.3, F: 53; mean age: 48.4±18.8

Notes: += positive,significant; - =negative,significant; ns= nonsignificant; F=females; M=males